Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Mohamad Amin

Institutions
1)Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Universitas Negeri Malang
2)Pacitan District Research and Development Center
3)Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Indonesia
4)Department of Life and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu

*Corresponding E-mail: mohamad.amin.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Hospital waste has a huge impact on the organism around its disposal even though it has been treated using the right wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Various obstacles regarding WWTP are waste water quality standards that are not in accordance with the standards of environmental laws, thus requiring more efficient and environmentally friendly innovations, namely using bioremidiation of indigen bacteria. Indigenic bacteria are obtained from hospital waste from Darsono, Pacitan Regency. The purpose of this study was to detect an increase in biological indicators (BOD, COD and TSS) in the bioremediation process of hospital waste after being treated with indigen bacteria originating from the waste of RSUD Dr. Darsono, Kab. Pacitan is a bacterial species that has the potential as a bioremidiation candidate: Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter agglomerans, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Burkholderia cepacia. This research is an explorative descriptive study. The results showed that the variant Enterobacter agglomerans had the highest starch hydrolysis, the variant Aeromonas hydrophila had the highest hydrolysis of the protein, and the Burkholderia cepacia variant had the highest fat hydrolysis. The biggest decrease for four days was produced by the Pabc outlet, this was due to a combination of three bacterial isolates that were able to hydrolyze starch, protein and fat from hospital waste. Likewise, with the results obtained by TSS. Decreasing levels of BOD, COD and TSS will improve the condition of the aquatic environment. thus dissolved oxygen (DO) levels increase. this is in accordance with the research conducted that there was a relatively high TSS decline until the lag phase. On the fourth day the treatment showed that TSS had experienced a relatively significant decrease below the quality standard threshold of 100 mg / l contained in the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 58 of 1995. The greatest reduction is in the outlet k-without treatment this is due to the presence of indigenic bacteria that have not been isolated.

Keywords
bacteria consortium, biological indicator, bioremediation, waste water

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bWLJRkVtDUN9

Corresponding Author
Ibrahem Omar Matoug

Institutions
Department of Environment Science. Azzaytuna University. Libya.

Abstract
The air emitted from different sources contains high levels of pollutants, which affect our health. Air pollution control needs to protect the public exposed to safe levels of different particulates size, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and volatile organic compounds. In addition, evaluation of the total quantity of pollutants emitted by every factory farm emissions. This paper establish a new design to recycle air pollution with no more emissions outdoor. Indoor emissions removing hazard materials from the source and recycle all waste materials. Control equipment indoor remove the emission, convert to less harmful contaminant or recycle a valuable material for further use.

Keywords
pollution, air, indoor

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2KZUuWMPAaN4

Corresponding Author
Luhur Akbar Devianto

Institutions
(a) Department Environmental Engineering, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran No.1 Malang 65145, Indonesia
(b) Department Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No.10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*kardena[at]pusat.itb.ac.id

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to understand the influence of carbon source variation in the biosurfactant production by Azotobacter vinelandii as well as its potential application on remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by soil washing. The growth microorganism, biosurfactant quantity in exopolysaccharide and fatty acid fraction were examined. The quality of biosurfactant was analysed by emulsification index. The results show that biggest production was occured at the 48th hour with μmax1 = 0.416/hour, μmax2 = 0.093/hour and Ks1 = 6.55 g/L, Ks2 = 4.69 g/L for glucose and molasses substrat respectively. Biosurfactant product of Azotobacter vinelandii in glucose 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% showed emulsification index as much as 100%. While, emulsification index of the biosurfactant produced with molasses reached 100% within 1%, 1.5%, and 2% molasse concentration. This results showed that molasses has potential utilization as carbon source in biosurfactant production. In soil washing application, Biosurfactant and Tween 80 were used as emulsifier to removed Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) by contacting in erlenmeyer flask at rotary shaker. The results showed that highest removal achieved by using biosurfactant. The Highest TPHs removal reach 48.89% which occured at 100 rpm for 40 minutes.

Keywords
Azotobacter vinelandii, Biosurfactants, Glucose, Molasses, Soil washing

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2XF3Lm6yeZAu

Corresponding Author
Novia Lusiana

Institutions
Study program of environmental engineering, agricultural engineering department, faculty of agricultural technology, university of brawijaya

Abstract
Industrialization and domestic activities are very potentially towards water pollution contribution. One of kind domestic activities which producing wastewater is a hospital activity. Public Regional Hospital in Tulungagung is located at Kedungwaru District that will developed in order to further support the existing infrastructure. Assessment towards water quality and load pollution capacity of Ngrowo river as wastewater receiver is very important before hospital development began. The method used in this research was Mass Balance method, Pollution Index to determine of water pollution status in which the analyzed parameters were temperature, pH, TSS, DO, BOD, COD, Nitrate, Phosphate, and then the results of the parameter testing were compared with the water quality standard class II, then the maximum pollutant load was calculated to determine the pollution load capacity. Result show that water quality of Ngrowo River categorized in low pollution (around 3.75 – 3.99 for index pollution) based on class of II of water quality standard. Load pollution capacity at downstream have exceeded 28673.3 kg.day-1 for BOD, 34339.3 kg.day-1 for COD in existing condition. We recommend when a hospital development does exist should find other place to throw away their wastewater because Ngrowo River have polluted even in upstream area.

Keywords
hospital, load pollution capacity, wastewater

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jk973vK8uTmM

Corresponding Author
Hotnida Nainggolan

Institutions
1Postgraduate School, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
2Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
3Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Green industry is becoming a hot issue all over the world. The basic principles of it are to minimize resources utilization and emissions. Several developed and developing countries have obligated the implementation of green industry. Indonesian government also strives to implement the green industry principles by adding green industrial standards through the Act No. 3/2014. To support the implementation of that Act, Indonesian government through the Ministry of Industry has published the guideline for implementing green industry. This study aims to map out the driving factors that make up green industrial estate in Pasuruan Industrial Estate Rembang (PIER), East Java, Indonesia. The respondents comprised 15 managers at manufacturing companies, most of them operating in the business of food industry. To develop this study, green industrial assessment guidelines for 2018 by the Ministry of Industry, was used as a reference study. The effectiveness of this assessment will be discussed and lesson learnt will be highlighted. Furthermore, better approaches will be proposed. This paper will provide insights and serve as a good reference for other companies that want to implement the same program in the future.

Keywords
green industry, assessment, better approaches

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4z2cGvEtnCRT

Corresponding Author
Dwi Novanda Sari

Institutions
a) Bachelor Science of Agroindustrial Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
*dwinovandas[at]gmail.com
b) Department of Agricultural Engineering, Brawijaya University, MalangIndonesia

Abstract
The increasing of food demand in Indonesia affects farmers to use chemical fertilizer in order to increase agriculture productivity. However, chemical fertilizer could cause land fertility degradation when continually and inefficient use. One of solutions to overcome this problem is by using organic nanofertilizer that can be made from fish feed industrial waste which is abundant and unutilized. In addition, processed by sonication using ultrasound technology to speed up protein degradation. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of sonication temperature and time on protein degradation of fish feed industrial waste as raw materials of organic nanofertilizer. In this work, completely randomized design factorial with two factors were used. The first factor was temperature (40°C, 50°C and 60°C) and the second factor was time (45, 55 and 60 minutes). The effect was examined by protein solubility, percentage of nitrogen, phosphor, sodium and organic carbon. The best treatment was chosen, then compared with control (no treatment) based on pH, DO, BOD and particle size measurements. The result has shown that all factors and interaction between them have a significant effect on protein degradation of waste, but percentage of nitrogen, phosphor, sodium and organic carbon did not change significantly upon the sonication treatments. Major impact had treatment with 60°C for 65 minutes. It affected in decreased particle size but stay constant in value of pH, DO and BOD.

Keywords
Sonicationin, Protein Degradaion, Organic Nanofertilizer

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/VTvnzQuZ2g38

Corresponding Author
Archie Baclayon Lauderes

Institutions
Northwest Samar State University
Philippines
archiebaclayon[at]yahoo.com

Abstract
Food shortages and starvation are among the important issues faced by the Philippines. Low production in rice is usually encountered by many farmers due to the reduction of production areas, incidence of pest and diseases, soil degradation in terms of fertility and acidity and climate change. As the world population continues to expand, greater pressure on resources essential for food production, including fossil energy. Hence, quest for additional calorie food sources that will require less energy and less water are needed. Data were gathered using formal survey questionnaire to account the energy bill, CO2 emissions, energy efficiency and identify the high consuming practices in all production stages of corn. Under the present farming conditions of Samar, the energy audit analyses showed that a hectare of corn consumed 2,822.43 Mcal or 247.28 LDOE. This translated to 1,880 Mcal or 160 LDOE to produce a ton of milled corn or 1.88 Mcal or 0.16 LDOE to produce a kilogram of milled corn. Hence it could be an additional calorie food source since it requires less water compared to rice that will grow even planted in hilly lands. In addition, the energy audit analyses showed that a hectare of corn emitted 978.12 kg of CO2 which is lower emission than rice.

Keywords
energy balance/efficiency; LDOE; energy use; CO2 Emissions

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Bpbe9vxRGQUA

Corresponding Author
Amelia Ika Puspitasari

Institutions
1. Program Studi Magister Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Air Pertanian Pascasarjana Universitas Jember
2. Program studi Teknik pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Jember

Abstract
Bedadung River is one of the Regional Strategic Rivers located in the Bedadung Watershed in Jember Regency. This river crosses Jember Regency with a length of 46,875 meters and is used as a source of raw water and irrigation as well as a source for PDAM Jember Regency. Along with the many activities of the community, the water pollution load is increasing. In general, the source of pollution comes from anthropogenic activities in the form of exposure to domestic waste, industrialization, population growth, pesticides and fertilizers, organic and inorganic waste, urban development and weak management systems. This study aims to analyze the environmental risks in the bedadung watershed based on water quality data using the DPSIR method. The DPSIR (Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) Framework has long been used as one of the tools in environmental risk analysis that shows the existence of linear interactions between human activities-pressure and impact. In general, human activities represent drivers and human needs that can cause pressure on the environment and potentially cause certain negative impacts that need to be responded to to reduce them. The DPSIR framework to be used is Driver (industry, garbage); Pressure (changes in the chemical composition of water); State (physical and chemical characters); Impact (changes in water quality); Response (limiting waste disposal to rivers).

Keywords
Bedadung Watershed, Water Quality, DPSIR

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MuCUPhHQprZ2

Corresponding Author
Luhur Akbar Devianto

Institutions
(a) Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran No.1 Malang 65145, Indonesia
*luhur.devianto[at]ub.ac.id
(b) Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No.10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Abstract
Sanitary conditions is one of the components that influencing of public health. Bogor Regency has total area 317,102 Ha, with total population 4,922,205 in 2012. The sanitation of Bogor Regency nearly 100% is using on-site systems. Utilization of septic tank reduce the level of contamination of surface water and groundwater. However, the sludge still contain high E.Coli that potentially caused diarrhea, vomiting disease, and others, so that the handling of the sludge needs Fecal Sludge Treatment Facilities (FSTF). The Bogor Regency currently have 10 units of fecal suction truck services. But the disposal process still was done in Kalimulya FSTF, Depok city. This study aims to find feasible FSTF site location which fulfill the spatial plan, technical, and non-technical criteria. The process on determining of feasible FSTF location was using multicriteria analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Several spatial data such as the land slope, the type of soil, distance from water bodies / river, the administration of Bogor Regency, as well as land use and land capability were used for FSTF site selection.

Keywords
Fecal sludge treatment facilities site selection, Geographic Information Systems, On-site system

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xeDh6UX2Bkwb

Corresponding Author
leo paul vaurs

Institutions
a) Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai campus, Thailand
b) Faculty of Sciences and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani campus, Thailand

Abstract
Newspaper recycling is one of the most successful recycling story. As a result, newspapers have been collected worldwide for decades and thus represent a large quantity of a relatively cheap and available source of lignocellulose. If newspaper recycling has multiple advantages, it nevertheless involves some severe wastewater and odor emissions, and produces harmful sludge. Moreover, due to the loss of some fiber properties during the recycling process, paper can only be recycled 5-7 times. Therefore, investigating new valorization routes for unrecyclable newspapers are of interest. Newspapers used in this work contained between 51 to 64 % carbohydrates on a dry basis (74% being glucan), which could enzymatically be hydrolysed into fermentable sugars for further bioethanol or biochemical production. Low glucan conversions (20-49%) were found, however, which led to the investigation of multiple pre-treatments to improve sugars release. Surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), polysorbate 80 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) have the advantage of requiring mild conditions which significantly reduce the energy demand of the pre-treatment step. They can reduce the negative impact of lignin on enzymes, increase enzyme activity and protect cellulolytic enzymes. Several surfactant use strategies such as washing, soaking, addition during hydrolysis, surfactant combinations were tested using the 3 products mentioned earlier. A simple mass and energy model was developed to select the most economically feasible surfactant pre-treatment. Addition of 0.5% SDS in the reaction medium was found to lead to the maximum amount of the cheapest sugars with 20% extra been released.

Keywords
lignocellulose, enzymatic hydrolysis, newspaper, surfactant

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tNJQcBmY2jFw

Corresponding Author
Suharti Suharti

Institutions
1Department of Chemistry, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java, Indonesia
2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Abstract
Keratin is an important biomaterial for industrial applications. About 90% of keratin is found in chicken feathers. Chicken feathers are accumulated from poultry processes and produced in millions of tons annually. Besides being abundant and cheap, keratin is insoluble in water and organic solvent which makes it difficult to recycle. Previous study showed that Solid state fermentation of keratinase using Bacillus sp. MD24 using chicken feathers a sole carbon and nitrogen source produced micro-keratin as a solid by-product. This paper reported our investigation in the soluble keratin in liquid by-product. Liquid by-product was produced through Solid-State fermentation of keratinase for 10 consecutive days by Bacillus sp. MD24 . Liquid by-product was separated from solid byproduct by centrifugation at 2000 rpm. The size of soluble keratin was examined by zeta particle analyzer. The soluble keratin was filmed and the film was characterized using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and film surface was analyses using scanning electron microscopy. Dissolution of keratin using ionic liquids ([BMIM]Cl and [EMIM]Ac) was done to compare its properties. Dissolution was performed under nitrogen atmosphere at 130 °C for 7 hours. Insoluble fraction was recovered by addition of water. The results showed the liquid by-product contains soluble keratin with size between 100-600 nm, and FTIR spectrum indicated the presence of polypeptide with high concentration of –S-H bond. There is no difference on surface structure between keratin biofilm produced from soluble keratin by-product and soluble keratin produced by dissolution using ionic liquids.

Keywords
keratin, Solid-State Fermentation, luquid by-product, Ionic Liquids

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/U8jd4beAnahB

Corresponding Author
Millatul Ulya

Institutions
Study Program of Agroindustrial Technology, Department of Science and Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Trunojoyo Madura, Indonesia

Abstract
Madura has typical cassava-based food products including raw and fried tette chips produced by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). The production process of the two products varies and produces different environmental impacts. This study aims to evaluate and compare environmental impact assessments in the production of raw and fried tette chips using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. This study evaluates the product life cycle from the procurement of raw materials until the product distribution tonthe market. The results showed that fried tette chips had a lower environmental impact than raw tette chips per 500 gram basis. Climate change, photochemical oxidation and eutrophication are environmental impacts identified in this study. The results of this study are expected to get a comprehensive environmental footprint of the product system with respect to sustainable production and consumption.

Keywords
tette, chips, environmental impact, LCA

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xf4ec7dnqZ6Y

Corresponding Author
aulia nur mustaqiman

Institutions
Universitas Brawijaya

Abstract
Malang City has already known as one of the most tourism city in East Java. This city is also known as education city that has attracted a lot of teenager to study in East Java. As a city that has densely population , There are high number of people activities and building in Malang. Many building in this city may occurs high risk of fire hazard that probably ruin the environment. Therefore, mapping is the first important thing to do as fires mitigation to reduce and prevent fire hazard in Malang City. Some factors that may trigger the fire in this city are type of activites, construction material, building density, road accessibility, Total of Fire Trucks, and accessibility of hydran as water source. Those main factors are becoming background of this research. The method that used to determine zones and early prevention are using quatitative method by using scoring (1-4) and spatial analysis based on updated ArcGIS version 10.4 which is used to mapping and overlay. The first step is dividing all of area in Malang City into 3 (three) maps. The maps are people activities map, malang Contruction Type Map, and Road Access Map. The next step is determining each zone in malang City that will be used to overlay. The result of this research shows that the combined map of Malang City are divided into 3 (three) zones. The first zone is area that has low risk of fire hazard. The second zone is area that has middle risk of fire hazard. The last, The third zone is area that has high risk of fire hazard.

Keywords
Fire, Mapping, Malang

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9vF6nbAgNMuB

Corresponding Author
Ariska Mia Christiwarda Sihombing

Institutions
1 Program Studi Magister Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Air Pertanian Pascasarjana Universitas Jember, Jl. Kalimantan no. 37 Kampus Tegalboto, Jember 68121
2 Program studi Teknik pertanian, FTP, UNEJ

Abstract
Abstract. The Mayang watershed at Jember Regency is one of the areas prone to drought in the dry season and flooding during the rainy season. Management of water resources is very important for sustainable agriculture in this area. This article focuses on the implementation of WEAP to study the specific water balance for irrigation water use. The Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model use to calcul water supply and demand for irrigation. The FPR and LPR methode used to calcul irrigation water demand. Irrigation water supply is measured from the measurement site or intake of Irrigation water distibution systems. The result shows that inbalance of supply vs demand exists both for dry and rainy seasons. The lack of water supply during the dry seasons, force the reduction of water supply for irrigation. Therefore, the smart scenario for water management for irrigation need to be implemented during the dry seasons.

Keywords
Water balance, irrigation, supply, demand, WEAP, Mayang

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/g479T6dNPhBX

Corresponding Author
Dodyk Pranowo

Institutions
Brawijaya University

Abstract
Bleaching is the most critical stage to improve the appearance, flavor, taste and stability of the final oil products in Crude Palm Oil (CPO) refining process. Bleaching process using a clay called bleaching earth (BE). The used BE will become a waste called spent bleaching earth (SBE). The surface of SBE is covered by impurities which are carried by CPO purification process so it cannot be reused. Regeneration using acid can increase the absorption capacity of SBE. The purpose research is to find the optimal combination of nitric acid concentration and heating temperature in the regeneration process of spent bleaching earth, so it can be reused as an adsorbent in refining crude palm oil. The research was arranged using Response Surface Method (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) using 2 factors, concentration of nitric acid (0.4 M; 0.7 M; and 1 M) and heating temperature (100oC, 300oC and 500oC) and the response are color absorption efficiency and yield. The optimum condition was the treatment with the concentration of nitric acid 0.75 M and heating temperature 430.82oC. The result of prediction program produces color absorption efficiency 95.7557%, yield 52.4846%. The optimal solution was verified, the results of color absorption efficiency is 94,68% and yield is 51,43%. RSBE result from optimum condition is compared to BE. The value of color absorption efficiency using BE is 96.77%, while in RSBE with optimum conditions is 94.68%. The value of RSBE color absorption efficiency of optimum conditions approaches the value of BE color absorption efficiency.

Keywords
Spent Bleaching Earth, Bleaching Earth, Bentonite, Regeneration, Respon Surface Methodology

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/AFJMTr7qGbcW

Corresponding Author
TRI RAHAYUNINGSIH

Institutions
1) Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Surabaya 60225
2) Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Surabaya 60225

Abstract
The use of synthetic dyes can cause health and environmental problems. Therefore it is necessary to explore various potential sources of natural dyes from fresh and fallen leaves of various plants. This study aimed to examine the influence of plant various and leaves types to the brightness color (L) and various color (a value and b value) of color produced on various fixation materials. Natural dyes were extracted using a heating method with a water solvent. Natural dye sources were taken from glodogan tiang (Polyathea longifolia) leaves, teak (Tectona grandis L. F) leaves, angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) leaves, and mango (Mangifera indica) leaves. The types of leaves were fresh and fallen leaves. Furthermore the natural dye was immersed in a cotton cloth and fixed using tunjung. Test on dyeing cloth used color difference test (L * a * b) and preference test. For determining the weight of interests of batik quality assessment parameter used the Analytical Hierarchy Process. Then to choose the best treatment was used alternative chosen with counted of expectation value. The results of the study shown that the best treatment was batik with natural dyes from fallen leaves of teak.

Keywords
Natural Dye, teak leaves, tunjung

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EtTnq6RVpyum

Corresponding Author
Putri Setiani

Institutions
Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya Universityty

Abstract
Plastic has been widely used as single-use package and carrier material due to its low price, strength, practicality, and versatility. On the other hand, plastic require a very lengthy period to naturally decompose. The enormous number of plastic waste has caused serious threat to our global environment, hence a more environmentally benign substance is of significant importance. In this study, we propose the production of biodegradable material from nata de soya, which is composed from whey waste and coconut water. This environmentally-friendly substance is mainly obtained from tofu industry byproduct, through fermentation process using Acetobacter xylinum bacteria. To obtain desired texture and characteristic, the fermented product is mixed with chitosan, acetic acid, glycerol, and tapioca starch, with various range of concentration. The mixed component then underwent milling and drying process for finalization. As for characteristic of the materials, tested parameters include water resistance, heat resistance, tensile strength, and natural degradability in the environment. Our preliminary result shows the potential of this material to substitute the use of plastic, and is applicable for versatile purposes.

Keywords
bioplastic, waste treatment, sustainability

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Yzfhca9dbXAV

Corresponding Author
Elvi Liana

Institutions
a) Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
b) Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
*ssuhartini[at]ub.ac.id

Abstract
Globally, disposable baby diapers demand continues to grow alongside with an increase in the birth rate and child (aged 0-3) population. On average, diapers consumption is around 6-8 pieces per baby, giving approximately 6,300 diapers for the next 2.5 years. Furthermore, each diaper contains 35% of organic and 65% of inorganics materials. The presences of inorganics materials pose a detrimental effect on the environment as it needs around 500-800 year to breakdown or degrade. This study was aimed to enhance the valorisation of disposable baby diapers waste by implementing sterilisation technology. The technology was based on a double jacket and centrifugal speed principles, enabling to effectively and safely sterilise the diapers wastes. The comparison with the conventional technology was carried out based on the following parameters: total number of E. coli, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), turbidity, pH, temperature, and economic analysis. The results indicated that the proposed sterilisation technology has superior performance that conventional sterilisation technology. The findings also confirmed that the sterilised diapers waste can be further reused for making other valuable products, such as eco-friendly handy craft or souvenirs. Economically, the implementation of the proposed technology can support the creation of green creative industries, particularly in Indonesia.

Keywords
disposable baby diapers; sterilisation technology; double jacket concept; centrifugal speed principle; green creative industries

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jwENx7UAzKBt

Corresponding Author
Suharti Suharti

Institutions
Department of Chemistry, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract
As we know keratin is a structural protein. Keratin can be obtained from chicken feathers. At present, chicken feathers are one of the great potentials of waste because of its abundance and very cheap. CMC has a similar structure to cellulose. Cellulose has a very abundant amount in nature and its existence as waste and CMC and CMC is a derivative of natural cellulose polymers that are easily degraded naturally. This paper reported our preliminary work on developing novel composite biofilm from both natural biopolymer to provide novel environmentally friendly biomaterials. Keratin solution was prepared from chicken feathers by the acid method. Variations in the number of CMCs were used to see differences in bio-membrane rigidity. The size of keratin in the bio-membrane can be measured using a PSA. SEM and FTIR are used to see the presence of keratin embedded in bio-membranes. The homogeneity of keratin in biofilm is analyzed using XRD while its resistance to temperature is measured by TGA. With the presence of keratin as a sturdy fiber and CMC as a supporting matrix can produce biofilm that are strong and environmentally friendly.

Keywords
biofilm; CMC; keratin

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/PbzVGDqpR4Tv

Corresponding Author
Suharti Suharti

Institutions
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No 5 Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract
Plastic products are widely used because of their lightweight, easy to shape, non-corrosive, diverse colors, very easy storage, and can be reused. However, plastic waste is very difficult to completely decomposed by microorganisms. The process requires a long time due to the material used comes from non-renewable sources of petroleum. One type of plastic is Polyethylene (PE). PE plastic polymers have very strong chemical bonds and these polymer fibers blend together with each other so that other properties of this type of PE plastic make it difficult to degrade by nature. Therefore, one of the solution to solve this environmental problem is to combine composites using natural polymers, one of it is keratin. Keratin is a biopolymer found in chicken feathers which can be degraded by microorganism. Keratin from chicken feathers can be used as fillers to in PE to improve its biodegrebility. In addition, keratin reinforced Polyethylene (PE) offers a combination of good characteristics for biodegradable composites, good thermal stability and good chemical resistance.Composite was prepared by mixing soluble keratin and polyethylene at various ratios. Composites was characterize of plastics was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Utilization of chicken feather keratin which is used as a composite material requires a method to turn chicken feathers into nano keratin fiber. The results showed chicken feather-keratin/polyethylene composite can be synthesized at various ratio, however the best physical character need to be further analyzed.

Keywords
: Biodegradable Plastic, Chicken Feathers Keratin, Polyethylene (PE), Composite

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BdxekCf2QKXj

Corresponding Author
Fauziatul Fajaroh

Institutions
(a) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri
Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia
(b)Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Abstract
Industrial development in various fields and limited of natural dyes have led to an increase in the use of synthetic dyes which have the potential to produce hazardous wastes if not managed properly. Efforts to process the liquid waste, especially synthetic dye waste can be done in many ways. A simple but supposedly effective way is to utilize magnetic nanoscale adsorbent material as a waste processing agent. The purpose of this study was to synthesize salicylic acid-modified magnetite nanoparticles and apply them as a liquid waste processor, especially green malachite waste. Green malachite is a dye that is often used in industry. The magnetic properties possessed by magnetite material are beneficial in material recovery. The main stages of the study include: the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles by electro-oxidation of iron in water; modification of material with salicylic acid; characterization of synthesized materials with XRD, FTIR, SEM, and BET; and waste water treatment of green malachite process by salicylic acid-modified magnetite as adsorbent. The results of XRD, FTIR, and SEM characterization showed that the salicylic acid modified magnetite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized. The results of BET characterization provide the specific surface area of particle of 88 m2/g which shows the potential of the material as an adsorbent. The application of material as an adsorbent successfully absorbed 88% green malachite with an adsorption capacity of 15.5 mg/g.

Keywords
salicylic acid-modified magnetite nanoparticles. green malachite, adsorbent

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/FLndVWYEHXtN

Corresponding Author
Bambang Rahadi Widiatmono

Institutions
(a)Study Program of Environmental Engineering, University of Brawijaya
Jalan Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*b.rahadi[at]gmail.com
(b)Student of Environmental Engineering Study Program, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia
Jalan Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia

Abstract
The research aim is to know the influence of liquid fertilizer that comes from the waste of dairy farms for soil quality and vegetative growth of coffee plants. There are three kinds of fertilization intensity (treatment) that is without fertilization (K), one-times fertilization (C1) and two-times fertilization (C2). The research results were analyzed using Group Randomized Design as experimental design; ANOVA and Tukey Test 5% as analysis method. The results showed that the treatment affects soil quality. The treatment also gives a significant influence (p < 0.05) at the height rate of coffee plants in the 2nd week and the canopy diameter rate of coffee plant in the 2nd and 4th week. The results of this research are expected to provide input especially for cattle farmers and coffee planters who want to integrate their livestock and their crops.

Keywords
Coffee plant; Cow manure; Liquid waste

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/gamv6UXEeGxC

Corresponding Author
Dona Rahmawati

Institutions
Center for Leather, Rubber and Plastic, Ministry of Industry

Abstract
Several studies have been conducted to reduce environmental problems arising from the tanning process. In this study, the dehairing process was developed using a protease enzyme to reduce the use of sulfides and lime. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical characteristics of the leather that is processed dehairing using a protease enzyme by reducing sulfide and lime compared to conventional dehairing. The dehairing process was done by immersion method and rotated with a drum. Furthermore, the tanning process was carried out using a variety of chrome and mimosa. The test results showed that the physical properties of the leather produced were equivalent. The resulting waste contains Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Total Suspended Solid, Total Dissolved Solid, sulfide which is lower than conventional dehairing process. Thus, the enzymatic process developed offers enormous potential for an environmentally friendly tanning process.

Keywords
: dehairing; protease; leather, pollution; tanning

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vbqJVpcAdBRy

Corresponding Author
Herianto -

Institutions
a) Master Program in Environmental Science, Diponegoro University, 50275 Semarang, Indonesia
*heridkl[at]gmail.com
b) Department of Environmental Engineering, Diponegoro University, 50275 Semarang, Indonesia
c) Department of Urban Regional Planning, Diponegoro University, 50275 Semarang, Indonesia

Abstract
The urban development-s planning and the rapid population growth require optimal waste service. This study aims to project waste generation in Palangka Raya city for the next 20 years in order to plan sustainable waste management. Estimation of waste generation is made with multiple linear regression models using waste generation, population and real GDRP data in 2014-2018. Based on the analysis, the waste generation model has an index of determination (R square) of 0.988, which means that the number of inhabitants and the real GDRP influence waste generation up to 98.8%, while the value obtained by F test is 84.96 with Sig. 0.012 which means the regression model is suitable. Based on the estimated model, waste handled in the city of Palangkaraya in 2038 would be 232,379.66 m3/year. The increase in waste generation requires the addition of 31 TPS container and 13 units of arm roll trucks in 2038. Furthermore, it also needs performance improvement of garbage transport rites; unless the organic waste is processed into fertilizer and used for agricultural land around the city, then it will reduce the volume of waste transported to landfill.

Keywords
Municipal waste; waste management; waste estimation

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/txP2zaB9gcJn

Corresponding Author
Aulia Firda Alfiana

Institutions
(1)Master Program of Environmental Science, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Semarang
(2)Departement Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang

Abstract
Soy sauce production process is one of well-known small-medium enterprises (SMEs) in Grobogan Regency. The production of soy sauce requires water in the process of washing black soybeans, boiling black soybeans, moromi fermentation, washing of process equipment, bottle washing, cleaning the production site and turning off the coals. The study case research aimed to determine the potential of reusable water in soy sauce process production. The subject of this research was on of the soy sauce process production in Grobogan Regency of Central Java. The data collection was done by using documentation, observation and interview method. The result show that the water could be reused by using black soybean washing water can be used in the bottle washing tub 1, water in washing tub 2 can be used for washing process equipment and used water of washing process equipment can be used to put out the coals on the furnace. Soy sauce process production can save water as much as 16,5 m3 per month. In conclusion, the soy sauce production process had a big potential of reusable water that could reduce the water consumption and production coast.

Keywords
wastewater, water consumption, soy sauce

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/gQ4jMXt78nkp

Corresponding Author
Rihastiwi Setiya Murti

Institutions
a) Center for Leather Rubber and Plastics
* rihastiwi[at]gmail.com

Abstract
The Barramundi fish skin is a by-product of the Barramundi fillet industry which can be used as a raw material for the leather tanning industry. The Barramundi fish skin has a unique and specific grain that can be used as raw material for crafts or shoes. This study aims to determine the optimum formulation of a combination of chromium, mimosa and glutaraldehyde tanning agents on physical and chemical properties, such as flexing resistance, tear strength, color fastness, lastability, seam strength, chromium VI, tensile strength and elongation to meet the requirements of womens shoes . The raw skin were tanned using chromium tanning agent and then neutralized and tanned using a variation of 2-4% chrome , 2% mimosa , and 2% glutaradehyde. The Barramundi fish leather were tested with ISO TR 20879: 2007 : Footwear - Performance requirements for components for footwear - Uppers. The results showed that all of formulations met the requirements of ISO TR 20879: 2007 except the flexing resistance test was mildly damaged. For shoe upper, The Baramundi fish leather can be strengthened by coating the bottom of the leather with other stronger materials. The optimum formulation are combination of chromium-chromium and and chromium-glutaraldehyde.

Keywords
barramundi fish skin, tanning, shoe upper

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8HtGMW7gzwBE